Strunk Response to January 2024 CFPB Proposed Changes to Overdraft Fees

In mid-January of this year, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) proposed a new rule to restrict overdraft fees charged by very large financial institutions (Those with assets over $10B). View the PDF of the Proposed Rule with Request for Comment here:

https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_overdraft-credit-very-large-financial-institutions_proposed-rule_2024-01.pdf

When the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System first adopted Regulation Z in 1969, it excepted from Regulation Z’s definition of finance charge any charges for honoring checks that overdraw a checking account unless the payment of the check and imposition of the fee were previously agreed upon in writing. The Board subsequently made “minor editorial changes” to this exception, (e.g., to reflect “items that are similar to checks), such as negotiable orders of withdrawal. Under the new proposed rule, Regulation Z would generally apply to overdraft credit provided by very large institutions unless it is provided at or below costs and losses as a courtesy to consumers.

The proposed rule would accomplish this by updating two regulatory exceptions from the statutory definition of finance charge. First, the proposal would update an exception that currently provides that a charge for overdraft is not a finance charge if the financial institution has not previously agreed in writing to pay items that overdraw an account so that the exception would not apply to “above breakeven overdraft credit”. Second, the proposal would update a related exception that provides that a charge imposed in connection with an overdraft credit feature (e.g., a charge for each item that results in an overdraft) is not a finance charge if the charge does not exceed the charge for a similar transaction account without a credit feature (e.g., the charge for returning each item). The CFPB has provided two options to very large financial institutions to determine whether an overdraft charge is considered above breakeven overdraft credit. A financial institution may calculate its own “breakeven standard,” charging a fee required to cover losses and direct costs related to the provision of courtesy overdrafts; or a financial institution may use a “benchmark fee” of either $3, $6, $7, or $14, determined by the CFPB by analyzing charge-off losses and cost data.

The proposed rule represents a pivotal development in consumer finance regulation and would have a negative impact on the financial industry and consumers. Overdraft protection has been beneficial to millions of consumers since its inception. Research supports the fact that consumers who use overdraft protection, especially those who use it frequently, value the service. Even the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (CFPB) research supports this fact. Furthermore, the CFPB has access to consumer complaint data in its own database, showing that complaints regarding overdraft protection and fees are extremely low. Strunk believes that a regulatory agency essentially setting limits on fees that can be charged by a financial institution sets a very dangerous precedent.

At present, the proposal pertains to financial institutions under the CFPB’s jurisdiction – those with assets over $10 billion. It is unclear what the impact will be on institutions with assets of $10B and below. However, if this proposal is enacted, the possibility exists that it will be adopted by other regulatory bodies. Also, regardless of additional regulatory action, all institutions may feel “competitive pressure” to follow the standard set by the very large financial institutions.

For now, no changes to existing overdraft programs should be made prior to knowing exactly how this process will play out. When discussing Overdraft Privilege and the current regulatory landscape, Strunk always emphasizes two things:

  1. If you charge a sustained or continuous overdraft fee today, discontinue this practice immediately. Strunk has never endorsed that practice, and it is a flash point for regulators.
  2.  If you charge re-presentment OD fees, discontinue this practice as well and investigate the 24-month look-back restitution to consumers. This is an area where regulators have come out with clear guidance in the last 18 months and Strunk has previously issued recommendations to clients.

If your organization has questions regarding this matter or would like to schedule time to discuss, please contact us at support@strunkaccess.com or 800-728-3116.

Repayment Plan Management from Beginning to End

A Fresh Start Repayment Plan is a tool available to overdrawn customers that will allow them to repay the overdrawn balance in up to four payments and will also allow them to retain the use of their checking account. It also may help financial institutions recover and collect on accounts which may have otherwise charged off.

Included with Strunk’s hosted ODP Manager software, financial institutions have access to Strunk’s library of Fresh Start documentation. The library contains a Fresh Start Profile that addresses recommended features and optional considerations, a recommended Fresh Start Policy and Procedure Guidelines, a suggested Assessment template to determine Account holder’s ability to repay the Fresh Start Repayment Plan, and a recommended Fresh Start Agreement. These documents provide the necessary information to start offering and setting up Fresh Start Repayment Plans.

ODP Manager Formal Demand and Final Demand collection letters advise customers overdrawn for more than $100 to ask if a Fresh Start might be an option to repay the overdrawn balance in 4 payments or less. Once a customer contacts the institution, an assessment should be completed to confirm the customer’s ability to repay the Fresh Start Repayment Plan.

If a customer qualifies and accepts the Repayment Plan, ODP Manager users can enter a repayment schedule for each account. The repayment schedule can be used to generate the Fresh Start Agreement to be signed by the customer. It will also create payment reminders to show when a repayment should be due. The payment should be verified in the core system and then tracked in the repayment schedule once paid. If the account defaults on the repayment plan, the Fresh Start Default Letter can be generated in ODP Manager to inform the customer that the account has been closed, charged off, and reported to the appropriate agencies.

ODP Manager offers two reports related to Repayment Plans. The Fresh Start Tracking Report lists all accounts that have been identified as being in repayment by an ODP Status Code. A Repayment Schedules summary report can also be used to track the status of Fresh Starts, including payments made and outstanding balances. Both report options can be exported to PDF or Excel.

If you have any questions about Fresh Start Repayment Plan options in hosted ODP Manager, please contact Strunk Support at support@strunkaccess.com to find out more.

Options to Customize Letter Templates

Strunk’s hosted ODP Manager software includes a suite of standard, recommended, and compliant letter templates. These templates are set up so users can easily generate the letters due each day. Even though Strunk provides the recommended letter content, the ODP Manager software allows the letter appearance to be customized to match other letters sent by an institution.

The letter headers and footers can include logos or text so that letters can be printed on letterhead instead of plain paper.

Letters can be signed by the user that generated the letter or if requested, they can be signed by a specific person, department, or the institution name. If signature images are provided, they can be added so that they show when the letter is generated.

If an institution would prefer to have a letter display a branch contact’s name or the phone number of the branch, the contact information can be updated based on the branch assigned to the individual account. This allows the letters the flexibility to direct users to contact a central location or their local branch to discuss the Overdraft Privilege program.

These options allow financial institutions to feel confident in generating ODP program letters that not only are compliant, but also represent an institution’s desired letter appearance.

If you have any questions about customizing letter templates in hosted ODP Manager, please contact Strunk Support at support@strunkaccess.com to find out more.

Flexible Fields in ODP Manager

ODP Manager has a standard list of requested fields that are used in the recommended ODP Manager letter templates and reports. These fields are included in the extract file created by an institution’s core or report writer and are updated when the file is imported daily into ODP Manager.

ODP Manager mappings are customizable and can also allow additional institution-specific data fields to be imported. These fields will be marked as flexible fields and will be labeled with an institution-specific label in ODP Manager. Once the fields have been mapped and imported into the hosted ODP Manager software, letter criteria can be adjusted to use the additional data field values. Report groups can also be updated to use the newly available data fields as well.

This flexibility allows institutions additional opportunities to customize ODP Manager to make ODP Program management in the hosted software more efficient or informative. If you have any questions about adding Flexible Fields in hosted ODP Manager, please contact Strunk Support at support@strunkaccess.com to find out more.

Consumers Continue Wanting Access to ODP

Consumers desire Overdraft Privilege as a financial product due to the wide array of choices available to them. In a Morning Consult survey, it was found that 9 out of 10 consumers consider their bank’s overdraft privilege valuable. So, what makes this product so valuable to consumers?

  1. Consumer’s payment will clear instead of being returned, which can be less expensive. Sometimes consumers make mistakes when paying bills and accidentally overdraw their account. Because the consumer has overdraft privilege, the bills are paid instead of returned and it prevents late fees, NSF fees, and re-presentment fees. Overdraft privilege provides relief to consumers by ensuring their bills are paid, even if they miscalculated their bank account balance or forgot about a pending payment that hasn’t cleared yet. This feature significantly reduces their worries and potential financial stress.
  2. Consumers will have funds available if they need them. Although it is generally not advisable, there may be situations where overdrawing your bank account is necessary. For example, let’s say it’s the weekend and the banks are closed, and you have an emergency that requires a visit to the hospital. However, the emergency room won’t provide treatment until you pay a $100 co-payment. Unfortunately, you only have $10 in your checking account. Fortunately, you have overdraft privilege, which means you can make the payment even if it incurs a fee.
  3. Not being embarrassed because of returned payments. When you use overdraft privilege, the recipient of your payment won’t know that your bank account has insufficient funds. Instead, they will see that your payment has been credited as expected.

Despite Congress trying to modify overdraft services, we recognize the importance and necessity for consumers to have access to such programs. Overdraft services provide a significant source of liquidity for many Americans. By having access to overdraft privileges, consumers can be assured that they can make timely payments for their rent or utility bills, thus preventing any late fees, utility shut-offs, or even eviction

Use ODP Manager to Inform Customers about Reg E Opt-In

On consumer accounts, ATM and everyday debit card transactions cannot be included in Overdraft Privilege unless the customer has opted in. Customers can opt in for Reg E at account opening but they may also opt in later. The four options to opt in for the ATM and everyday debit card coverage are: in person at a branch, over the phone, by mail, or electronically.

The Consent Form for Overdraft Services (A-9 form) informs customers about what they need to know about overdrafts and overdraft fees. It also reiterates a customer’s options for opting in and provides them the form to submit by mail. ODP Manager allows institutions to provide an account’s Regulation E Opt-in Status in the file that is imported daily. This allows the hosted software to send different letter templates to customers who have opted in or not opted in for the ATM and everyday debit card coverage.

Strunk’s standard letter templates for the Welcome and Reinstatement letters include the A-9 form for customers who have not already opted in. The Reg E Opt-in Followup Letter template is also provided so that customers with OD limits that have not opted in receive information about ATM and everyday debit card coverage opt-in at least once a year. If a customer has already opted in, their letters highlight that they already have the ATM and everyday debit card coverage. By allowing customers the Reg E opt-in information when overdraft limits are assigned, when overdraft limits are reinstated, or annually, ODP Manager may allow customers to have more opportunities to opt in for Reg E.

ODP Manager can also allow customers to submit their Reg E Opt-in election electronically. Strunk would create an online form that mirrors an institution’s A-9 form. This form would then be linked directly from an institution’s website. Email confirmations are generated when forms are submitted. The submissions are tracked in ODP Manager so that users can generate a list of accounts that need an updated Reg E election.

If you have any questions about the Reg E Opt-in form options in hosted ODP Manager, please contact Strunk Support at support@strunkaccess.com to find out more.

Viewing and Exporting Summary Information in ODP Manager

Strunk’s hosted ODP Manager software utilizes the information contained in the daily extract file to assist users in the daily tasks of generating Collection and Custom letters and reviewing customer accounts for Overdraft Privilege limit assignment or removal. The software also includes a standard suite of Management Reports that can be used daily, monthly, or quarterly to monitor and review the data important to running a successful Overdraft Privilege program.

There are two important metrics to focus on related to ODP program performance: percent of accounts with an ODP limit and percent of accounts opted in for Regulation E ATM and everyday debit card coverage. When logging in to the hosted software, these metrics show on the Dashboard. There is a comparison between the institution’s benchmark values and other Strunk clients by the 25th, 50th, and 75TH percentiles. The trend for the Percent with Limit and the Percent Opt In is also updated monthly. Both the Dashboard benchmarks and the trend information can be exported as a PDF. More detailed summaries by branch and by product can be reviewed on the Utilization Analysis and the Opt-In Impact management reports.

Some of the management reports include account-level detail: Overdraft Aging, New Accounts, ODP Status Tracking, Fresh Start Tracking, and ODP Heavy Users. When ODP Manager shows a list of accounts in reports or in Account Inquiry, users have the option of using column filters or groups to limit displayed results to specified criteria. These reports can be exported to PDF in Reports or to Excel in Reports and Account Inquiry. The option to filter allows users to leverage the data included in the extract file to monitor a smaller group of accounts – even if there is not an existing report.

In addition to searching results at the account level, ODP Manager also allows users to search events records. Import events such as accounts becoming overdrawn or in good standing, OD Limits assigned or removed, or Reg E opt ins or opt outs can be searched using filter criteria or date ranges. Filtering by event details or date ranges can also be done for user events such as letters generated, comments, or reminders.

If you have any questions about options to view and export your data in hosted ODP Manager, please contact Strunk Support at support@strunkaccess.com to find out more.

Defining Continuous Overdraft Fees

What exactly are continuous overdraft fees, and how could they potentially impact your Overdraft Privilege Program? It is important to be aware that certain financial institutions apply continuous overdraft fees, also known as daily overdraft fees. These fees are charged on a periodic or daily basis for as long as the account remains overdrawn. Currently, the financial service industry is actively discussing the problem of continuous overdraft fees. This is mainly due to the numerous lawsuits filed against financial institutions regarding their predatory overdraft practices.

Regulators have found that Overdraft programs which charge a fixed or periodic fee for not resolving a previous overdrawn balance can be unfair and deceptive, according to Section 5 of the FTC Act. This is especially true when the financial institution doesn’t disclose the situations in which customers could incur these fees accurately. These practices make it harder for consumers to avoid the fees by bringing their account balance back to positive if they’re facing cash flow issues.

If a financial institution intends to charge continuous overdraft fees, it must first review the information they provide to its consumers about overdraft services. According to the CFPB’s guidance, if a financial institution’s disclosures state that overdraft fees may be charged “after” a specific number of days, the financial institution should consider whether their system guarantees that such fees will not be charged on or before the indicated day. Therefore, testing transactions is crucial to ensure that the fees charged are clear and understandable to the average consumer. Additionally, the CFPB guidance advises financial institutions to consider how they handle continuous overdraft situations that occur over weekends or holiday periods where the final day to cure an overdraft falls on a non-business day. The guidance explains that if a financial institution assesses a fee based on calendar days but only allows overdrafts to be cured on business days, it could be problematic if the financial institution’s disclosures state that consumers have a certain number of days to cure an overdraft before a fee is assessed.

What happens when financial institutions charge continuous overdraft fees? This practice has faced regulatory scrutiny and lawsuits against financial institutions. Strunk acknowledges the potential risks involved in imposing such fees, and it’s crucial for all institutions to be aware of these issues. If your financial institution is still charging a continuous overdraft fee, it may be beneficial to contact Strunk at info@strunkaccess.com for assistance with our overdraft privilege program.

Permit Customers to Make Regulation E Elections Online

ODP Manager custom letter templates include the Consent Form for Overdraft Services for customers who have not already opted in for the Reg E ATM and everyday debit card coverage. These letter templates simplify the process for customers who choose to opt in by mail, but ODP Manager can also allow your customers to opt in for Regulation E electronically.

The hosted software can be set up to include a Reg E opt in form and Reg E opt out form that matches the content in your ODP Manager letter templates. The links are then added to the institution website to direct customers to the Reg E opt in and opt out forms. Email confirmations are generated when customers visit the website and complete the form to opt in or opt out of the ATM / everyday debit card coverage. The request is tracked in ODP Manager and can be emailed to a specified email address at your financial institution.

Once a customer request has been made, ODP Manager users perform the following steps: 1.) Review the new responses in ODP Manager, 2.) Export the list of accounts that need an update to the account’s Reg E election, and 3.) Perform the appropriate maintenance in the core system – the user will update the account record in the core to opt in or opt out the account as requested by the customer. The ODP Manager software displays by default any new responses that have not been reviewed and downloaded. Requests that have already been processed are also retained within ODP Manager to allow review of prior responses.

If you would like to implement the electronic consent to opt in for Overdraft Privilege coverage for ATM and everyday debit card transactions in ODP Manager, please contact Strunk Support at support@strunkaccess.com with any questions or to find out more.

How Does a Formal Overdraft Program Benefit Consumers

Formal overdraft programs are prevalent in community banks and consumers have benefited from them for over 30 years. Many articles have been written about the pitfalls and risks that consumers face from overdrafts and some of them are true. In reality, providing a consistent methodology to paying items that create an overdraft benefit both banks and their customers.

Consumers create overdrafts…banks do not. Banks are faced with decisions each morning to either pay a customer’s non-sufficient fund item or return it to the merchant. They also have to decide whether or not to charge a fee or waive the fee. Thirty years ago when formal overdraft programs started, the NSF or Overdraft fee was $15-$20 nationwide. The idea was to charge a fee to deter consumers from writing a check that would overdraw their account. This was a time when debit cards were not used much and checks and ACH items dominated the payments system.

Beginning in 2010, debit card transactions that would overdraw an account could not be authorized at point of sale unless the consumer “opted in” for this service. This was a great idea that came from the Federal Reserve. So, how do formal overdraft programs benefit consumers?

• Allows consumers to decide how they want their bank account handled when it comes to overdrafts
• Reduces returned check charges from merchants
• Allows consumers to take home the groceries or prescription drugs when otherwise their debit card transaction would be denied
• Keeps a bank from discriminating on daily pay and don’t pay decisions
• Keeps a bank for discriminating on waives and refunds

Contact Strunk at 800.728.3116 or email at info@strunkaccess.com to learn more about setting up a formal overdraft process at your bank.